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Documents authored by Salvaneschi, Guido

Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023
LIPIcs, Volume 263, ECOOP 2023, Complete Volume

Authors: Karim Ali and Guido Salvaneschi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 263, 37th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2023)

Abstract
LIPIcs, Volume 263, ECOOP 2023, Complete Volume
Cite as

37th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 263, pp. 1-1288, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@Proceedings{ali_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023,
  title =	{{LIPIcs, Volume 263, ECOOP 2023, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{37th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2023)},
  pages =	{1--1288},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-281-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{263},
  editor =	{Ali, Karim and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-181924},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023},
  annote =	{Keywords: LIPIcs, Volume 263, ECOOP 2023, Complete Volume}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023.0
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Authors: Karim Ali and Guido Salvaneschi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 263, 37th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2023)

Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Cite as

37th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 263, pp. 0:i-0:xx, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{ali_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023.0,
  author =	{Ali, Karim and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  title =	{{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}},
  booktitle =	{37th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2023)},
  pages =	{0:i--0:xx},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-281-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{263},
  editor =	{Ali, Karim and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023.0},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-181932},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2023.0},
  annote =	{Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}
}
Document
Artifact
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.8.2.8
Functional Programming for Distributed Systems with XC (Artifact)

Authors: Giorgio Audrito, Roberto Casadei, Ferruccio Damiani, Guido Salvaneschi, and Mirko Viroli

Published in: DARTS, Volume 8, Issue 2, Special Issue of the 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022)

Abstract
In the paper "Functional programming for distributed systems with XC" we present XC, a programming language to develop the collective behaviour of homogeneous distributed systems while abstracting over concurrency, asynchronous execution, message loss, and device failures. The paper describes the design of XC, formalizes a core calculus for it, and shows that XC can effectively capture the logic of several distributed protocols and applications including gossiping, distributed summarization, information flows over self-healing communication structures, and self-organizing behaviours. Then, it discusses implementation, in a Scala and a C++ embedded domain-specific language (DSL), and provides evaluation through a case study in a smart city scenario, called SmartC. The reusable artifact described in this paper contains precisely those software projects: the Scala DSL, referred to as XC/Scala; the C++ DSL, referred to as XC/C++; and the SmartC implementation in both DSLs.
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Giorgio Audrito, Roberto Casadei, Ferruccio Damiani, Guido Salvaneschi, and Mirko Viroli. Functional Programming for Distributed Systems with XC (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 8, Issue 2, pp. 8:1-8:4, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{audrito_et_al:DARTS.8.2.8,
  author =	{Audrito, Giorgio and Casadei, Roberto and Damiani, Ferruccio and Salvaneschi, Guido and Viroli, Mirko},
  title =	{{Functional Programming for Distributed Systems with XC (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{8:1--8:4},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{8},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Audrito, Giorgio and Casadei, Roberto and Damiani, Ferruccio and Salvaneschi, Guido and Viroli, Mirko},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.8.2.8},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-162068},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.8.2.8},
  annote =	{Keywords: Distributed programming, Field Calculi, Scala DSL, C++ DSL}
}
Document
Artifact
DOI: 10.4230/DARTS.8.2.16
Prisma: A Tierless Language for Enforcing Contract-Client Protocols in Decentralized Applications (Artifact)

Authors: David Richter, David Kretzler, Pascal Weisenburger, Guido Salvaneschi, Sebastian Faust, and Mira Mezini

Published in: DARTS, Volume 8, Issue 2, Special Issue of the 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022)

Abstract
Decentralized applications (dApps) consist of smart contracts that run on blockchains and clients that model collaborating parties. dApps are used to model financial and legal business functionality. Today, contracts and clients are written as separate programs - in different programming languages - communicating via send and receive operations. This makes distributed program flow awkward to express and reason about, increasing the potential for mismatches in the client-contract interface, which can be exploited by malicious clients, potentially leading to huge financial losses. In this paper, we present Prisma, a language for tierless decentralized applications, where the contract and its clients are defined in one unit. Pairs of send and receive actions that “belong together” are encapsulated into a single direct-style operation, which is executed differently by sending and receiving parties. This enables expressing distributed program flow via standard control flow and renders mismatching communication impossible. We prove formally that our compiler preserves program behavior in presence of an attacker controlling the client code. We systematically compare Prisma with mainstream and advanced programming models for dApps and provide empirical evidence for its expressiveness and performance.
Cite as

David Richter, David Kretzler, Pascal Weisenburger, Guido Salvaneschi, Sebastian Faust, and Mira Mezini. Prisma: A Tierless Language for Enforcing Contract-Client Protocols in Decentralized Applications (Artifact). In Special Issue of the 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022). Dagstuhl Artifacts Series (DARTS), Volume 8, Issue 2, pp. 16:1-16:3, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@Article{richter_et_al:DARTS.8.2.16,
  author =	{Richter, David and Kretzler, David and Weisenburger, Pascal and Salvaneschi, Guido and Faust, Sebastian and Mezini, Mira},
  title =	{{Prisma: A Tierless Language for Enforcing Contract-Client Protocols in Decentralized Applications (Artifact)}},
  pages =	{16:1--16:3},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Artifacts Series},
  ISSN =	{2509-8195},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{8},
  number =	{2},
  editor =	{Richter, David and Kretzler, David and Weisenburger, Pascal and Salvaneschi, Guido and Faust, Sebastian and Mezini, Mira},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DARTS.8.2.16},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-162149},
  doi =		{10.4230/DARTS.8.2.16},
  annote =	{Keywords: Domain Specific Languages, Smart Contracts, Scala}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.20
Functional Programming for Distributed Systems with XC

Authors: Giorgio Audrito, Roberto Casadei, Ferruccio Damiani, Guido Salvaneschi, and Mirko Viroli

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 222, 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022)

Abstract
Programming distributed systems is notoriously hard due to - among the others - concurrency, asynchronous execution, message loss, and device failures. Homogeneous distributed systems consist of similar devices that communicate to neighbours and execute the same program: they include wireless sensor networks, network hardware, and robot swarms. For the homogeneous case, we investigate an experimental language design that aims to push the abstraction boundaries farther, compared to existing approaches. In this paper, we introduce the design of XC, a programming language to develop homogeneous distributed systems. In XC, developers define the single program that every device executes and the overall behaviour is achieved collectively, in an emergent way. The programming framework abstracts over concurrency, asynchronous execution, message loss, and device failures. We propose a minimalistic design, which features a single declarative primitive for communication, state management, and connection management. A mechanism called alignment enables developers to abstract over asynchronous execution while still retaining composability. We define syntax and operational semantics of a core calculus, and briefly discuss its main properties. XC comes with two DSL implementations: a DSL in Scala and one in C++. An evaluation based on smart-city monitoring demonstrates XC in a realistic application.
Cite as

Giorgio Audrito, Roberto Casadei, Ferruccio Damiani, Guido Salvaneschi, and Mirko Viroli. Functional Programming for Distributed Systems with XC. In 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 222, pp. 20:1-20:28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{audrito_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.20,
  author =	{Audrito, Giorgio and Casadei, Roberto and Damiani, Ferruccio and Salvaneschi, Guido and Viroli, Mirko},
  title =	{{Functional Programming for Distributed Systems with XC}},
  booktitle =	{36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022)},
  pages =	{20:1--20:28},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-225-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{222},
  editor =	{Ali, Karim and Vitek, Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-162486},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Core calculus, operational semantics, type soundness, Scala DSL}
}
Document
Extended Abstract
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.35
Prisma: A Tierless Language for Enforcing Contract-Client Protocols in Decentralized Applications (Extended Abstract)

Authors: David Richter, David Kretzler, Pascal Weisenburger, Guido Salvaneschi, Sebastian Faust, and Mira Mezini

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 222, 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022)

Abstract
Decentralized applications (dApps) consist of smart contracts that run on blockchains and clients that model collaborating parties. dApps are used to model financial and legal business functionality. Today, contracts and clients are written as separate programs - in different programming languages - communicating via send and receive operations. This makes distributed program flow awkward to express and reason about, increasing the potential for mismatches in the client-contract interface, which can be exploited by malicious clients, potentially leading to huge financial losses. In this paper, we present Prisma, a language for tierless decentralized applications, where the contract and its clients are defined in one unit. Pairs of send and receive actions that "belong together" are encapsulated into a single direct-style operation, which is executed differently by sending and receiving parties. This enables expressing distributed program flow via standard control flow and renders mismatching communication impossible. We prove formally that our compiler preserves program behavior in presence of an attacker controlling the client code. We systematically compare Prisma with mainstream and advanced programming models for dApps and provide empirical evidence for its expressiveness and performance. The design space of dApp programming and other multi-party languages depends on one major choice: a local model versus a global model. In a local model, parties are defined in separate programs and their interactions are encoded via send and receive effects. In a global language, parties are defined within one shared program and interactions are encoded via combined send-and-receive operations with no effects visible to the outside world. The global model is followed by tierless [Christian Queinnec, 2000; Cooper et al., 2007; Choi and Chang, 2019; Fowler et al., 2019; Serrano et al., 2006; Serrano and Prunet, 2016; Radanne et al., 2016; Weisenburger et al., 2018] and choreographic [Kohei Honda et al., 2011; Fabrizio Montesi et al., 2014; Saverio Giallorenzo et al., 2020] languages. However, known approaches to dApp programming follow the local model, thus rely on explicitly specifying the client-contract interaction protocol. Moreover, the contract and clients are implemented in different languages, hence, developers have to master two technology stacks. The dominating approach in industry is Solidity [Mix, 2019] for the contract and JavaScript for clients. Solidity relies on expressing the protocol using assertions in the contract code, which are checked at run time [Solidity documentation - common patterns, 2020]. Failing to insert the correct assertions may give parties illegal access to monetary values to the detriment of others [Nikolić et al., 2018; Luu et al., 2016]. In research, contract languages [Ankush Das et al., 2019; Michael J. Coblenz, 2017; Franklin Schrans et al., 2018; Franklin Schrans et al., 2019; Michael J. Coblenz et al., 2019; Michael J. Coblenz et al., 2019; Reed Oei et al., 2020; Sam Blackshear et al., 2019] have been proposed that rely on advanced type systems such as session types, type states, and linear types. The global model has not been explored for dApp programming. This is unfortunate given the potential to get by with a standard typing discipline and to avoid intricacies and potential mismatches of a two-language stack. Our work fills this gap by proposing Prisma - the first language that features a global programming model for Ethereum dApps. While we focus on the Ethereum blockchain, we believe our techniques to be applicable to other smart contract platforms. Prisma enables interleaving contract and client logic within the same program and adopts a direct style (DS) notation for encoding send-and-receive operations (with our awaitCl language construct) akin to languages with async/await [Gavin M. Bierman et al., 2012; Scala async rfc]. DS addresses shortcomings with the currently dominant encoding of the protocol’s finite state machines (FSM) [Mix, 2019; Michael J. Coblenz, 2017; Franklin Schrans et al., 2018; Franklin Schrans et al., 2019; Michael J. Coblenz et al., 2019; Michael J. Coblenz et al., 2019]. We argue writing FSM style corresponds to a control-flow graph of basic blocks, which is low-level and more suited to be written by a compiler than by a human. With FSM style, the contract is a passive entity whose execution is driven by clients. whereas the DS encoding allows the contract to actively ask clients for input, fitting dApp execution where a dominant contract controls execution and diverts control to other parties when their input is needed. In the following Prisma snippet, the payout function is a function invoked by the contract when it is time to pay money to a client. In Prisma, variables, methods and classes are separated into two namespaces, one for the contract and one for the clients. The payout method is located on the contract via the annotation @co. The body of the method diverts the control to the client using awaitCl(...) { ... }, hence the contained readLine call is executed on the client. Note that no explicit send/receive operations are needed but the communication protocol is expressed through the program control flow. Only after the check client == toBePayed that the correct client replied, the current contact balance balance() is transferred to the client via transfer. @co def payout(toBePayed: Arr[Address]): Unit = { awaitCl(client => client == toBePayed) { readLine("Press enter for payout") } toBePayed.transfer(balance()) } Overall, Prisma relieves the developer from the responsibility of correctly managing distributed, asynchronous program flows and the heterogeneous technology stack. Instead, the burden is put on the compiler, which distributes the program flow by means of selective continuation-passing-style (CPS) translation and defunctionalisation and inserts guards against malicious client interactions. We needed to develop a CPS translation for the code that runs on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) since the EVM has no built-in support for concurrency primitives which could be used for asynchronous communication. While CPS translations are well-known, we cannot use them out-of-the-box because the control flow is interwoven with distribution in our case. A CPS translation that does not take distribution into account would allow malicious clients to force the contract to deviate from the intended control flow by sending a spoofed continuation. Thus, it was imperative to prove correctness of our distributed CPS translation to ensure control-flow integrity of the contract.
Cite as

David Richter, David Kretzler, Pascal Weisenburger, Guido Salvaneschi, Sebastian Faust, and Mira Mezini. Prisma: A Tierless Language for Enforcing Contract-Client Protocols in Decentralized Applications (Extended Abstract). In 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 222, pp. 35:1-35:4, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2022)

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@InProceedings{richter_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.35,
  author =	{Richter, David and Kretzler, David and Weisenburger, Pascal and Salvaneschi, Guido and Faust, Sebastian and Mezini, Mira},
  title =	{{Prisma: A Tierless Language for Enforcing Contract-Client Protocols in Decentralized Applications}},
  booktitle =	{36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2022)},
  pages =	{35:1--35:4},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-225-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2022},
  volume =	{222},
  editor =	{Ali, Karim and Vitek, Jan},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.35},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-162632},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2022.35},
  annote =	{Keywords: Domain Specific Languages, Smart Contracts, Scala}
}
Document
Pearl
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2021.22
Multiparty Languages: The Choreographic and Multitier Cases (Pearl)

Authors: Saverio Giallorenzo, Fabrizio Montesi, Marco Peressotti, David Richter, Guido Salvaneschi, and Pascal Weisenburger

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 194, 35th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2021)

Abstract
Choreographic languages aim to express multiparty communication protocols, by providing primitives that make interaction manifest. Multitier languages enable programming computation that spans across several tiers of a distributed system, by supporting primitives that allow computation to change the location of execution. Rooted into different theoretical underpinnings - respectively process calculi and lambda calculus - the two paradigms have been investigated independently by different research communities with little or no contact. As a result, the link between the two paradigms has remained hidden for long. In this paper, we show that choreographic languages and multitier languages are surprisingly similar. We substantiate our claim by isolating the core abstractions that differentiate the two approaches and by providing algorithms that translate one into the other in a straightforward way. We believe that this work paves the way for joint research and cross-fertilisation among the two communities.
Cite as

Saverio Giallorenzo, Fabrizio Montesi, Marco Peressotti, David Richter, Guido Salvaneschi, and Pascal Weisenburger. Multiparty Languages: The Choreographic and Multitier Cases (Pearl). In 35th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 194, pp. 22:1-22:27, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{giallorenzo_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2021.22,
  author =	{Giallorenzo, Saverio and Montesi, Fabrizio and Peressotti, Marco and Richter, David and Salvaneschi, Guido and Weisenburger, Pascal},
  title =	{{Multiparty Languages: The Choreographic and Multitier Cases}},
  booktitle =	{35th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2021)},
  pages =	{22:1--22:27},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-190-0},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{194},
  editor =	{M{\o}ller, Anders and Sridharan, Manu},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2021.22},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-140658},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2021.22},
  annote =	{Keywords: Distributed Programming, Choreographies, Multitier Languages}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagRep.9.10.117
Programming Languages for Distributed Systems and Distributed Data Management (Dagstuhl Seminar 19442)

Authors: Carla Ferreira, Philipp Haller, and Guido Salvaneschi

Published in: Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 10 (2020)

Abstract
Programming language advances have played an important role in various areas of distributed systems research, including consistency, communication, and fault tolerance, enabling automated reasoning and performance optimization. However, over the last few years, researchers focusing on this area have been scattered across different communities such as language design and implementation, (distributed) databases, Big Data processing and IoT/edge computing -- resulting in limited interaction. The goal of this seminar is to build a community of researchers interested in programming language techniques for distributed systems and distributed data management, share current research results and set up a common research agenda. This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 19442 "Programming Languages for Distributed Systems and Distributed Data Management."
Cite as

Carla Ferreira, Philipp Haller, and Guido Salvaneschi. Programming Languages for Distributed Systems and Distributed Data Management (Dagstuhl Seminar 19442). In Dagstuhl Reports, Volume 9, Issue 10, pp. 117-133, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@Article{ferreira_et_al:DagRep.9.10.117,
  author =	{Ferreira, Carla and Haller, Philipp and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  title =	{{Programming Languages for Distributed Systems and Distributed Data Management (Dagstuhl Seminar 19442)}},
  pages =	{117--133},
  journal =	{Dagstuhl Reports},
  ISSN =	{2192-5283},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{9},
  number =	{10},
  editor =	{Ferreira, Carla and Haller, Philipp and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.9.10.117},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-118586},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagRep.9.10.117},
  annote =	{Keywords: Programming Languages, Distributed Systems, Data Management}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.3
Multitier Modules

Authors: Pascal Weisenburger and Guido Salvaneschi

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 134, 33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019)

Abstract
Multitier programming languages address the complexity of developing distributed systems abstracting over low level implementation details such as data representation, serialization and network protocols. Since the functionalities of different peers can be defined in the same compilation unit, multitier languages do not force developers to modularize software along network boundaries. Unfortunately, combining the code for all tiers into the same compilation unit poses a scalability challenge or forces developers to resort to traditional modularization abstractions that are agnostic to the multitier nature of the language. In this paper, we address this issue with a module system for multitier languages. Our module system supports encapsulating each (cross-peer) functionality and defining it over abstract peer types. As a result, we disentangle modularization and distribution and we enable the definition of a distributed system as a composition of multitier modules, each representing a subsystem. Our case studies on distributed algorithms, distributed data structures, as well as on the Apache Flink task distribution system, show that multitier modules allow the definition of reusable (abstract) patterns of interaction in distributed software and enable separating the modularization and distribution concerns, properly separating functionalities in distributed systems.
Cite as

Pascal Weisenburger and Guido Salvaneschi. Multitier Modules. In 33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 134, pp. 3:1-3:29, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{weisenburger_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.3,
  author =	{Weisenburger, Pascal and Salvaneschi, Guido},
  title =	{{Multitier Modules}},
  booktitle =	{33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019)},
  pages =	{3:1--3:29},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-111-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{134},
  editor =	{Donaldson, Alastair F.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-107957},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Distributed Programming, Multitier Programming, Abstract Peer Types, Placement Types, Module Systems, Scala}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.12
How to Avoid Making a Billion-Dollar Mistake: Type-Safe Data Plane Programming with SafeP4

Authors: Matthias Eichholz, Eric Campbell, Nate Foster, Guido Salvaneschi, and Mira Mezini

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 134, 33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019)

Abstract
The P4 programming language offers high-level, declarative abstractions that bring the flexibility of software to the domain of networking. Unfortunately, the main abstraction used to represent packet data in P4, namely header types, lacks basic safety guarantees. Over the last few years, experience with an increasing number of programs has shown the risks of the unsafe approach, which often leads to subtle software bugs. This paper proposes SafeP4, a domain-specific language for programmable data planes in which all packet data is guaranteed to have a well-defined meaning and satisfy essential safety guarantees. We equip SafeP4 with a formal semantics and a static type system that statically guarantees header validity - a common source of safety bugs according to our analysis of real-world P4 programs. Statically ensuring header validity is challenging because the set of valid headers can be modified at runtime, making it a dynamic program property. Our type system achieves static safety by using a form of path-sensitive reasoning that tracks dynamic information from conditional statements, routing tables, and the control plane. Our evaluation shows that SafeP4’s type system can effectively eliminate common failures in many real-world programs.
Cite as

Matthias Eichholz, Eric Campbell, Nate Foster, Guido Salvaneschi, and Mira Mezini. How to Avoid Making a Billion-Dollar Mistake: Type-Safe Data Plane Programming with SafeP4. In 33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 134, pp. 12:1-12:28, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2019)

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@InProceedings{eichholz_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.12,
  author =	{Eichholz, Matthias and Campbell, Eric and Foster, Nate and Salvaneschi, Guido and Mezini, Mira},
  title =	{{How to Avoid Making a Billion-Dollar Mistake: Type-Safe Data Plane Programming with SafeP4}},
  booktitle =	{33rd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2019)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:28},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-111-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2019},
  volume =	{134},
  editor =	{Donaldson, Alastair F.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-108041},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2019.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: P4, data plane programming, type systems}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2018.1
Fault-tolerant Distributed Reactive Programming

Authors: Ragnar Mogk, Lars Baumgärtner, Guido Salvaneschi, Bernd Freisleben, and Mira Mezini

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 109, 32nd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2018)

Abstract
In this paper, we present a holistic approach to provide fault tolerance for distributed reactive programming. Our solution automatically stores and recovers program state to handle crashes, automatically updates and shares distributed parts of the state to provide eventual consistency, and handles errors in a fine-grained manner to allow precise manual control when necessary. By making use of the reactive programming paradigm, we provide these mechanisms without changing the behavior of existing programs and with reasonable performance, as indicated by our experimental evaluation.
Cite as

Ragnar Mogk, Lars Baumgärtner, Guido Salvaneschi, Bernd Freisleben, and Mira Mezini. Fault-tolerant Distributed Reactive Programming. In 32nd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 109, pp. 1:1-1:26, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{mogk_et_al:LIPIcs.ECOOP.2018.1,
  author =	{Mogk, Ragnar and Baumg\"{a}rtner, Lars and Salvaneschi, Guido and Freisleben, Bernd and Mezini, Mira},
  title =	{{Fault-tolerant Distributed Reactive Programming}},
  booktitle =	{32nd European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP 2018)},
  pages =	{1:1--1:26},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-079-8},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{109},
  editor =	{Millstein, Todd},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2018.1},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-92064},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ECOOP.2018.1},
  annote =	{Keywords: reactive programming, distributed systems, CRDTs, snapshots, restoration, error handling, fault tolerance}
}
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